loyalty of the individual to the tribe. The rela tively small size of tribal organizations and the shared activ ities in which all members participated precluded, in most instances, the development of alienation between ordinary mem bers and leaders. Further, the very real and recognized inter dependence of all tribal members precluded, again in most instances, the development of untenable autocratic rule 4(Aljamal, 1960). Within a tribal structure, different members were responsible for different functions. Some members, usu ally younger males, would exercise responsibility for providing food. Other members, usually females, would exercise respon sibility for maintaining the living site. This differentiation is but one illustration of the interdependence of members of tribal groups. Members depended on the tribe for protection against other tribes, and for redress within it (Helms, 1981).
Larger populations, the concentration of peoples into set tlements, and the d
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