depended upon whose ox was being gored.
Both conventional and guerrilla warfare are also justified on other grounds. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1820) thought that war was the catalyst through which the purpose of mankind was brought to fruition. Thus, humanity had to either accept war or stagnate (Hegel, 1820). It was Friedrich Nietzsche (1901), who provided the most pervasive justification for war of any type, and the romanticized concept of a just war for a just cause. In Thus Spake Zarathustra, he said that "a good war hallows every cause" (Nietzsche, 1892, 74). American his torians often cite Nietzsche as the philosophical guru for the Nazis in the Germany of the 1930s and 1940s; however, Americans have justified their own wars right down through Viet Nam, 3along with the actions of seemingly countless American surro gates, such as the Contras and the Israelis, in Nietzschest terms.
Warfare, including guerrilla warfare, thus, is a form of participation in the process of political development. Out right armed conflict is simply the last step in the process, when all other efforts at persuasion and diplomacy have failed.
Dictates of kinship and communal interests resulted in the development of the tribe; possibly the earliest form of politi cal organization. In order for the tribe to be able to provide for the common defense of its members and in order for the tribe to insure inner tranquility, tribal rules and regula tions, most often in the form of customs, developed, which governed all activities of tribal members. One of the strong est political features of tribal organization was that members of a tribe were not permitted to form internal factions. The alliance which formed the tribes and later, the clans, devel oped a cohesive entity with a common purpose among its members.
Maintaining the strength of the tribe enabled individuals to feel a greater sense of security, which, in turn, strength ened the...