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Vogt, Peter R.; Jung, Woo-Yeol. "Origin of the Bermuda volcanoes and the Bermuda Rise: History, observations, models, and puzzles." Geological Society of America Special Papers, 430, 553-591, 2007. The geography of Bermuda Island is important for a number of reasons. As William Livingston (41) observed of the Bermuda Island(s), "Any major changes regularly repeated and recorded in the strata of these islands could indicate changes in climatic conditions affecting the earth as a whole." Livingston (41) reported that Bermuda was considered "a gauge in the Atlantic" that indicates high and low sea-level periods and that is also thought to be associated with glacial and interglacial periods. In addition, Bermuda is "an underwater volcano with a limestone cap" (Malmquist). Although the volcano has been extinct for millions of years, the volcano has two underwater calderas, or mouths-one at Hamilton Harbor and one at Castle Harbor (Malmquist), and should the volcano ever become active again, Bermuda Island would be at risk due to the island's small size. Finally, there is the Bermuda Triangle located in the area between Bermuda, Miami, and Key West, of which it has been said, "in the annals of sea mysteries, there is no other place that challenges mankind with so many extraordinary and incredible events, for this is where far more aircraft and ships have disappeared throughout recorded maritime history than in any other region of the world's oceans" (Quasar 1). Curiously, most of the disappearances have occurred in fair weather, have not been accompanied by distress messages, and have left no wreckage or bodies (Quasar 1). These three facets of Bermuda's geography are all compelling, and all three make it well worth closer scrutiny. The importance of this research paper is that it will investigate Bermuda's ge...