al cortex.
To test this hypothesis, the researchers assessed the effects of the CA3 area on place cells by disrupting or completely removing the CA3 area (2243-2244)). Either way, there was no significant effect on the peak of the place field, and this did not alter the proportion of directionally modulated place cells when the rats ran on a linear track. An annular water maze was also used to test recognition of a goal, and the disconnection of the CA3 area did not affect this either. Even when the contralateral hippocampus was removed completely and tiny slits were made between area CA3 and area CA1, completely isolating the CA1/entorhinal pathway, no effect on place fields was seen. The four main points which emerge from this study are: the entorhinal-hippocampal connection alone can transfer signals on location into firing patterns in CA1; place cells still operate when the entorhinal-CA1 area connections alone remain; spatial recognition memory is possible with only entorhinal-CA1 connections; CA3 is needed for recall of remote locations or
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