ont and behind (Gray, 1977, pp. 255). These thickened portions are usually described as distinct ligaments - anterior, posterior, internal lateral and external lateral ligaments. The orbicular ligament of the upper radio-ulnar articulation is also considered an elbow ligament.
The elbow joint complex allows two degrees of freedom: flexion-extension and pronation-supination, the latter of which allows the forearm to rotate about a longitudinal axis passing through the center of the radial head and the distal ulnar articular surface (Zuckerman & Matsen, 1980, p. 249). In pronation, the palm faces posteriorly if the elbow is extended, and down if the elbow is flexed 90 degrees. In supination, the palm faces anteriorly if the elbow is extended and upward if the elbow is flexed 90 degrees (Zuckerman & Matsen, 1980, p. 252) The ranges for pronation and supination vary in different studies
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