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ications that emerged in the Iron Age, along with "new ideas and needs of government." Before the Iron Age, tribal communities "managed with little or no government at all (as a few African peoples still do), but a strong and ambitious group could now impose its will on weaker groups, and could see, increasingly, an advantage in so doing." The "social fracturing," as Davidson calls it, nevertheless entails a "large theme of unity-in-diversity . . . throughout subsequent African history" (Davidson, 1964, 13).

Imperial rule surfaced from the Iron Age

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