t to increasing psychological awareness, growth, and maturity. Elsewhere, Fromm-Reichmann says "there are no physical symptoms without emotional concomitants and no mental disorders without somatic concomitants or causes" (1950, p. 134).
As psychotherapeutic theory has developed, a number of different approaches have sought to understand the interaction between mind and body, between mind and environment, or among mind, body, and environment. This tendency has increased since the 1980s. In this regard, a survey by Norcross and Prochaska (1988, p. 170ff.) reveals that between 1977 and 1988, 58% of those clinical psychologists describing themselves as having an eclectic theoretical orientation had previously been either psychodynamic or behaviorist in their theoretic approaches, with the "most frequent" theoretical combinations being described as humanistic-cognitive, cognitive, behavioral, or psychoanalytic cognitive. Practitioners in the survey described methods they described as either eclectic or integrative. Their criteria for describing such an
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